Amelioration of Obesity‐Related Disorders in High‐Fat Diet‐Fed C57BL/6 Mice Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation From DL‐Norvaline‐Dosed Mice

ABSTRACT Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could significantly alter the recipient's gut bacteria composition and attenuate obesity and obesity‐related metabolic syndromes. DL‐norvaline is a nonproteinogenic amino acid and possesses anti‐obesity potential. However, the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota might mediate beneficial effects of DL‐norvaline have not been completely elucidated. In this study, DL‐norvaline‐mediated FMT upregulated the beneficial bacteria ( Clostridia_UCG_014 , Christensenellales , Bacilli , Ileibacterium , Dubosiella , Lactobacillus , Muribaculaceae , and Bacteroidaceae ) and downregulated the harmful bacteria ( Tuzzerella and Marinifilaceae ), further intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier were alleviated as well as short chain fatty acids levels were increased, thus alleviating glucose and insulin metabolism, improving biochemical indexes and energy metabolism and decreasing body weight gain and tissue weight. However, heat‐inactivated FMT did not demonstrate any of those improvements in obese mice. Notably, both DL‐norvaline‐mediated FMT and heat‐inactivated FMT increased Bacteroidaceae and Muribaculaceae , this being a signature of alterations to the gut microbiota marker caused by DL‐norvaline. Therefore, the beneficial effects of DL‐norvaline were transmissible via FMT. This study highlighted the pivotal involvement of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and provided a novel insight into the underlying mechanisms of FMT, thereby potentially enhancing the efficacy and refinement of FMT utilization.