Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus alleviates hyperuricemia by restricting intestinal nucleoside absorption

reshaped gut microbial composition, modulated host metabolic pathways, and alleviated systemic inflammation. Collectively, this study identifies a previously uncharacterized substrate-restriction mechanism by which probiotics alleviate hyperuricemia, providing novel insight into microbiota-based strategies for dietary and therapeutic intervention in purine metabolism.