Multi-scale biomimetic fusion construction of cerium ion hydrogel-scaffold for promoting osteoporotic bone defect repair

Background: The treatment of bone defects in the context of osteoporosis encounters numerous challenges. In the osteoporotic microenvironment, bone resorption outweighs bone formation, impeding the self-repair of bone defect areas. Furthermore, the deterioration of osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling function at the defect sites and excessive inflammatory responses further complicate the treatment of bone defects. Hence, an improved approach is urgently needed to enhance the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects. Methods: through Mirco CT, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stainin, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining. Results: , TCP-H-ACNP scaffolds could promote bone regeneration and repair of distal femoral bone defects in osteoporotic rats and improve local angiogenesis. Mechanistically, TCP-H-ACNP scaffolds could directly promote osteogenic differentiation of osteoporotic BMSCs from rats through the Wnt signaling pathway, and indirectly promote osteogenic differentiation by influencing Ca ion transport and improving mitochondrial function. Conclusion: We create a hydrogel scaffold that not only offers adequate mechanical support but also possesses a favorable microenvironment for cell growth and contains biological factors promoting osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation. The translational potential of this paper: This application represents a pioneering aspect of multi-scale biomimetic hydrogel scaffolds in addressing osteoporotic bone defects, providing a novel direction for the treatment of osteoporotic bone defects.