Gut microbial‐derived 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid ameliorates reproductive phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome

failed to confer these benefits, highlighting β-galactosidase as a critical enzyme in DHPAA biosynthesis. Our findings establish DHPAA as a key microbial metabolite linking diet, microbiota, and reproductive health, and propose its potential as a novel therapeutic candidate for PCOS.