Optimized dosing of guideline-directed medical therapies is essential in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

The medical and financial burden of heart failure (HF) globally continues to rise despite considerable efforts to better understand, diagnose, and manage the disease [1,2]. Guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT) have been proven in large, randomized controlled trials to reduce admissions and improve survival in patients with HF. Regrettably, there is compelling evidence, for example from the CHAMP-HF registry [3], to suggest that glaring gaps remain in the appropriate selection and dosing of GDMT, despite strong recommendations from prominent cardiovascular societies including the AHA/ACC/HFSA [4].