Artificial interphases enable dendrite-free Li-metal anodes

Li-metal is an ideal anode that can provide rechargeable batteries with high energy density, but its application in large scale is restricted by its high activity that leads to the severe decomposition of electrolyte components (solvents and salts) and the growth of Li dendrites. These parasitic reactions are responsible for the cycle life deterioration and the safety accidents of rechargeable Li-metal batteries. Correspondingly, much effort has been made to regulate Li/electrolyte interface chemistry. In this review, we summarize some strategies that have been developed recently to stabilize Li/electrolyte interface by constructing protective interphases on Li-metal anodes. Firstly, the currently available understandings on the instability of Li/electrolyte interface are outlined. Then, artificial interphases recently constructed ex-situ and in-situ are illustrated in detail. Finally, possible approaches to acquire more efficiently protective interphases are prospected.