Nonimmune Hydrops Fetalis — More Than Meets the Eye?

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) has a striking appearance on ultrasonography and is classically defined by the presence of pathologic fluid accumulation in at least two fetal sites, including the serous cavities (pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal), with associated skin edema. Its diagnosis is established by first ruling out maternal red-cell alloimmunization. NIHF occurs in up to 1 in 1700 fetuses and has multiple causes: chromosomal abnormalities, structural malformations (especially cardiac and thoracic), inborn errors of metabolism, and in utero infections.1 The phenotype is usually distinct, but recently, increased nuchal translucency and cystic hygroma during the first trimester have been added to . . .