哺乳期
内科学
催乳素
内分泌学
下丘脑
生物
内分泌系统
激素
乳腺
医学
怀孕
癌症
遗传学
乳腺癌
作者
Yifan Ni,Qiangqiang Chen,Jianfeng Cai,Xiao Lei,Jinzhi Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2020.111084
摘要
The endocrine system plays a central role in many aspects of lactation, including mammogenesis (mammary gland development), lactogenesis (onset of lactation), and galactopoiesis (maintenance of milk secretion). Many hormones of the endocrine system directly or indirectly regulate lactation process. The secretion of prolactin (PRL), one of the most important lactation-related hormones, is inhibited by hypothalamus-pituitary dopaminergic system and stimulated by hypothalamus-pituitary oxytocinergic system. This hormone is essential in all stages of lactation. The growth hormone (GH) regulates metabolism and the distribution of nutrients between tissues mammary glands, and stimulates the production of IGF-I from the liver which binds to IGF-IR of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) to indirectly promote lactation. The synthesis and secretion of estrogen (E) are affected by the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. The hormone regulates duct morphogenesis and MECs proliferation. It also modulates the synthesis and secretion of PRL and GH, which together regulate the lactation in female animals. In this article, we reviewed the three main lactation-related hormones (PRL, GH, and E), summarize their regulation by the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and how they influence lactation.
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