The large-scale application of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based self-powered devices holds promise for cancer treatment for millions of new cancer patients each year. TENG based sensors are capable of collecting patient data over a long time and provide precise cancer data sources for artificial intelligent process. TENG based devices possess great potential for targeted drug therapy, photodynamic therapy and electric field therapy on the tumor area based on the results of artificial intelligence analysis. This review summarizes and discusses the capabilities and prospects of TENG in cancer treatment, recovery, management, prevention and diagnosis. Cancer treatment and diagnosis are currently popular areas where TENGs with artificial intelligence has been applied in precision cancer research. TENGs with artificial intelligence based systems will be a potential candidate for applications in the field of cancer management and prevention.