Recent progress in ammonia synthesis catalysts

Invention of ruthenium and non-conventional Fe_(1-x)O-based ammonia synthesis catalysts represent a breakthrough in ammonia synthesis catalysts. Development of Fe_(1-x)O-based ammonia synthesis catalysts challenged the traditional theory that Fe_3O_4 was the most effective precursor for ammonia synthesis catalysts, and greatly enhanced their activity. Ru-based ammonia synthesis catalyst is promising as the substitute to the century-long iron-based catalysts. A lot of work have to be done in modification of ruthenium catalysts before the precious-metal catalysts become commercially (feasible.)