Objective To analyze the reason for the falling-down of neurosurgical patients and to provide some measures on its prevention.Methods The reason for falling was discovered after analysis of the 16 cases of falling patients in the neurosurgery department,and a fishbone diagram was drawn.Results A management process was established to prevent the fall of patients against the causes of falling.Conclusion Fishbone diagram is a practical and simple method to analyze the reason for neurosurgical patients' falling-down.It serves as an option for prevention of falling of patients in the neurosurgical department and will further promote medical safety.