Supramolecular materials based on AIEgens for photo-assisted therapy

Photo-assisted therapy has been an advancing branch in the fields of modern theranostics and nanomedicine, holding observable superiorities such as noninvasiveness, deep tissue penetration, and spatial precision. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have emerged as powerful fluorescent materials and organic optical agents capable of performing therapeutic effects under light activation. In this review, we underscore the elaborate design and fabrication of AIEgen-based supramolecular materials for applications in the scope of photo-assisted therapy, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and photo-induced reactions. With the aid of supramolecular self-assembly, AIE materials are endowed with higher biocompatibility, better specificity, external stimuli responsiveness, and integrated functionalities. AIEgen-based self-assembled materials categorized by different supramolecular driving forces are summarized with their respective features in both structures and therapeutic effects fully described. With these highly adjustable physicochemical properties of supramolecular assemblies, the functions of such AIE materials can be considerably expanded and optimized, also opening up possibilities for controllable multimodal theranostics. In the conclusion part, perspectives and remaining challenges in this research area are discussed.