Novel Plant Growth Regulators in In Vitro Establishment of Horticulture and Plantation Crops

Several integrated signals and molecules control growth and development in plants. Plant growth regulators are such molecules, which are either present in natural form or in synthetic compounds. The former are called plant hormones and the latter are known as plant growth regulators (PGRs). These molecules have a wide range of applications in horticulture and plantation crops. The prior research evident the success obtained by the use of PGRs in plant processes such as floral induction and fruit formation, harvesting and post-harvesting of horticulture crops. The micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture produced a large number of identical plants. This technique has been commercially used in horticulture crops. Recently, several novel PGRs have been exploited with their dynamics role in horticulture and plantation crops such as jasmonate (JA), chlormequat chloride (CC), brassinosteroids (BR), salicylic acid (SA), nitric oxide (NO), strigolactone (SL), and polyamines like putrescine (Put), spermidine, and spermine. Karrikins, EDHA (a PGR containing 27% ethephon and 3% DA-6) and paclobutrazol. This chapter provides us the insight information of novel plant growth regulators, which are used in establishment for in vitro growing horticulture and plantation crops.