Dapagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, slows the progression of renal complications through the suppression of renal inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in prediabetic rats

Aim To evaluate the renoprotective roles of dapagliflozin in prediabetic rats in order to elucidate the effects of this sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on the renal complications associated with metabolic dysfunction in diet‐induced obesity. Methods Obesity was induced by feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) to male Wistar rats for 16 weeks. HFD‐fed rats were treated with dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/d) or metformin (30 mg/kg/d) by oral gavage for 4 weeks after insulin resistance had been established. The metabolic characteristics and renal function associated with lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in the renal tissue were examined. Results The results showed that HFD‐fed rats developed both obesity and impaired renal function, along with increased renal triglyceride accumulation. Importantly, dapagliflozin had greater efficacy in improving renal function and reducing both body weight and visceral fat accumulation than metformin treatment. Dapagliflozin and metformin were found to have similar effects regarding the suppression of renal triglycerides, superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, subsequently leading to a decrease in renal inflammation and fibrosis. Renal ER stress and apoptosis were increased in HFD‐fed rats and were effectively reduced after administration of dapagliflozin. The expression of renal SGLT2 was not affected by administration of dapagliflozin or metformin. Conclusion Collectively, these findings indicate that dapagliflozin exerts renoprotective effects by alleviating obesity‐induced renal inflammation, fibrosis, ER stress, apoptosis and lipid accumulation in the prediabetic condition.