Adsorption-Microbial Integration Pioneers Sustainable Phosphorus Cycle

The severe challenges of escalating phosphorus (P) pollution and depleting P reserves underscore the urgent need for sustainable P control and recovery strategies. Here, we developed a microbial-enhanced La-Zr-loaded basalt (MLZB) system that integrates physical adsorption for P capture with microbial metabolism for P transfer, storage, and recovery. We observed stable development of biodiverse microbial communities in MLZB and identified key functional genes involved in P metabolic pathways. P-solubilizing bacteria secret organic acids to release adsorbed P and regenerate adsorption sites. Further, these bacteria facilitate P storage and re-release by synthesizing and degrading polyphosphates, making P available to eukaryotes. Ultimately, P-rich biomass forms. Over a continuous operational period of one year treating a real agricultural non-point source polluted water, our MLZB system maintained a P removal efficiency of over 90.0%, with its effluent consistently meeting the stringent discharge standard of 0.2 mg L-1. Additionally, incineration recovered P-containing products, while the basalt matrix was successfully regenerated. Our MLZB offers an economically superior alternative to traditional chemicals by establishing itself as a key medium for P cycle. It markedly reduces ecological impacts and promotes the development of circular economy.