Disorders and roles of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA in cancer

小核仁RNA Piwi相互作用RNA 小核RNA 生物 核糖核酸 生物发生 遗传学 小RNA 计算生物学 非编码RNA 基因 RNA干扰
作者
Lin Xiao,Jie Wang,Shaoqing Ju,Ming Cui,Rongrong Jing
出处
期刊:Journal of Medical Genetics [BMJ]
卷期号:59 (7): 623-631 被引量:54
标识
DOI:10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-108327
摘要

Most small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) with regulatory functions are encoded by majority sequences in the human genome, and the emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology has greatly expanded our understanding of sncRNAs. sncRNAs are composed of a variety of RNAs, including tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), etc. While for some, sncRNAs’ implication in several pathologies is now well established, the potential involvement of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA in human diseases is only beginning to emerge. Recently, accumulating pieces of evidence demonstrate that tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA play an important role in many biological processes, and their dysregulation is closely related to the progression of cancer. Abnormal expression of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA participates in the occurrence and development of tumours through different mechanisms, such as transcriptional inhibition and post-transcriptional regulation. In this review, we describe the research progress in the classification, biogenesis and biological function of tsRNA, snoRNA, snRNA and piRNA. Moreover, we emphasised their dysregulation and mechanism of action in cancer and discussed their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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