A review on recent advances in hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensors for applications in cell detection

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very simple bioactive small molecule. In living organisms, H2O2 plays an important role in intracellular signaling. It is involved in many physiological processes including cellular physiology, intracellular signaling, oxidative damage and disease progression. The tumor microenvironment enriched with H2O2. Several electrochemical sensors have been developed and some have been put on the market. Such electrochemical sensors provide efficient, cost-effective, rapid and highly selective method of H2O2 detection. So far, much progress has been made in the designing of materials and construction of H2O2 sensors. This review describes the advances in the application of H2O2 electrochemical sensors in cell detection. Enzyme-based sensors have been applied in diverse applications. In addition, recent advancements in nanotechnology have improved the development of nanozymes-based sensors. The application of noble metals, metal oxides, polymers, carbon materials and other two-dimensional materials in the design of H2O2 sensors are discussed in detail. Moreover, the bio-stimulant types of H2O2 sensor are summarized. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in the application of H2O2 electrochemical sensors in biological detection are discussed.