Whole-cell one-pot biosynthesis of dodecanedioic acid from renewable linoleic acid

Abstract Background Dodecanedioic acid (DDA), a typical medium-chain dicarboxylic fatty acid with widespread applications, has a great synthetic value and a huge industrial market demand. Currently, a sustainable, eco-friendly and efficient process is desired for dodecanedioic acid production. Results Herein, a multi-enzymatic cascade was designed and constructed for the production of DDA from linoleic acid based on the lipoxygenase pathway in plants. The cascade is composed of lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and unidentified double-bond reductase in E. coli for the main cascade reactions, as well as NADH oxidase for cofactor recycling. The four component enzymes involved in the cascade were co-expressed in E. coli , together with the endogenous double-bond reductase of E. coli . After optimizing the reaction conditions of the rate-limiting step, 43.8 g L − 1 d − 1 of DDA was obtained by a whole-cell one-pot process starting from renewable linoleic acid. Conclusions Through engineering of the reaction system and co-expressing the component enzymes, a sustainable and eco-friendly DDA biosynthesis route was set up in E. coli , which afforded the highest space time yield for DDA production among the current artificial multi-enzymatic routes derived from the LOX-pathway, and the productivity achieved here ranks the second highest among the current research progress in DDA biosynthesis. Graphical Abstract