Mechanically Durable Double-Sided Textile Composites Integrating Radiative Cooling and Dual-Function Heating for Year-Round Thermal Management

side demonstrates a high reflectance (92%) and emittance (95%), resulting in average radiative cooling of 8.1 °C during the day and 9 °C at night. While the TPU/CNTs side exhibits a high solar absorptance (96%) which facilitates a temperature increase of 12.5 °C by solar heating during the day. Meanwhile, the outstanding electrical conductivity of 65 S/cm endows the TPU/CNTs side with Joule heating performance, achieving a temperature elevation of 14 °C at night via Joule heating. The radiative cooling and dual-function heating capabilities allow the textile composite for flexible thermal management throughout the day and under varying weather conditions. Most importantly, the textile composite exhibits favorable tensile strength and mechanical durability, enabling significant potential for long-term outdoor applications.