Yuzhi Zhixue Granules regulate the JAK/STAT pathway to affect T-cell differentiation in the colon of ulcerative colitis

YZZX granules exert immunomodulatory effects primarily by rebalancing Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell populations in the colon via inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, thereby alleviating mucosal inflammation. This is the first study to systematically demonstrate the synergistic protective effects of both small-molecule compounds and carbon dot nano-components, derived from a traditional Chinese medicine formula in a DSS-induced murine model of UC.