Investigating the Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention and Control of Dengue Virus Vectors and Related Diseases: A Systematic Review Study

Abstract Background: Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted by Aedes aegypti, remains a global health concern with no definitive treatment. Given the challenges in vaccine development and disease management, micronutrients such as vitamin D have emerged as potential adjunctive therapies due to their immunomodulatory properties. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of vitamin D in the prevention and control of dengue fever by evaluating its impact on immune responses, viral replication, and clinical outcomes. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, relevant studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies examining the association between vitamin D and dengue virus infection, disease severity, and immune modulation. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that vitamin D supplementation reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, enhanced macrophage responses, and modulated toll-like receptor activity. Higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower viral replication and milder clinical manifestations of dengue fever. Conclusion: Vitamin D demonstrates potential as an adjunctive therapy for dengue fever by modulating immune responses and reducing disease severity. Further clinical trials are required to validate its therapeutic efficacy and determine optimal supplementation strategies.