A dataset of carbon and water fluxes in the cropland ecosystem at Jurong Station (2015-2020)

Located in the Middle-lower Yangtze Plain, Jurong Ecological Experimental Station (JRS) is a typical representative of irrigated cropland, where the main crop rotation is rice- biannual system. Rice, being one of the major global food crops, is cultivated extensively across a wide range of regions and is a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems. Rice plants accomplish the exchange of water, heat and CO2 through photosynthesis and respiration, and play a crucial role in regional hydrology, climatology and carbon-water cycle. Currently, eddy covariance technique is the most widely used observation method to explore the carbon and energy cycle between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. The JRS has been carrying out the flux observations of carbon, water and heat fluxes in agricultural ecosystems since 2015, with the processing process strictly following the quality control system of ChinaFLUX standard. This dataset compiles standardized ecosystem carbon and water fluxes and key meteorological elements data in JRS from January 2015 to December 2020 at various time scales, including half-hourly, daily, and monthly intervals. It can serve as a valuable resource for relevant studies on cropland irrigation management, carbon and water cycle processes and crop model simulations.