The Arabidopsis ubiquitin ligases ATL31 and ATL6 regulate plant response to salt stress in an ABA-independent manner

E3 ubiquitin ligases play critical roles in regulating plant response to salt stress. Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura (ATL) is a subfamily of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases widely conserved in plant species. ATL genes have been shown to be involved in regulating plant response to biotic or abiotic stresses. We previously found that a pair of ATL genes, ATL31 and ATL6 positively regulated plant innate immunity. However, whether ATL31/6 are also involved in salt stress response remains to be investigated. Here, we demonstrate that ATL31/6 are induced by salt stress. The atl31 atl6 double mutant exhibits increased salt tolerance compared to the wild-type plants, while transgenic plants overexpressing ATL31 are more salt-sensitive. Notably, ATL31 and ATL6 do not participate in the abscisic acid (ABA) response. Furthermore, NaCl treatment induces the proteasomal degradation of ATL31 proteins. Together, we demonstrate that ATL31/6 positively regulate plant tolerance to salt stress, which is independent of ABA, and our work reveals that ATL31/6 are involved in regulating plant response to both biotic and abiotic stress.