Nanostructured electrocatalysts for low-temperature water splitting: A review

Some difficulties need to be overcome for the applicability of hydrogen energy, which has gained great momentum in the world in a short time, in every field. One of these challenges is the need for sustainable hydrogen production to meet commercial-scale hydrogen demand. Among the different methods developed for hydrogen production, electrocatalytic water splitting is promising for high efficiency and environmentally friendly H2 production. The success of this prominent method requires the use of cost-effective and highly electroactive catalysts. In this context, studies on the preparation of electrocatalysts with different structures for HER/OER reactions occurring in the water splitting method have been the focus of attention in the literature in recent years. In this review, we focus on the electrocatalysts developed for the low-temperature electrocatalytic water splitting method. The review will begin with the HER/OER mechanisms that are the basis of water splitting, followed by a review of the catalyst parameters required for these reactions to occur. Following that, the development and activity values of HER/OER catalysts with different nanostructures will be presented based on the most recent studies. Finally, current challenges and future prospects for improving the activities of HER/OER electrocatalysts for water splitting are outlined. It is expected that this study will guide the development of high-efficiency and low-cost new electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic water splitting method.