Temporal trends of prescription rates, oral anticoagulants dose, clinical outcomes and factors associated with non-anticoagulation in patients with incident atrial fibrillation

To analyze the temporal trends of oral anticoagulant (OAC) prescription, direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) dose, clinical outcomes and factors associated with non-anticoagulation in patients with incident atrial fibrillation (AF). During January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020, a total of 249,107 patients with newly diagnosed AF were identified, and the 1-year risks of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and all-cause mortality were analyzed. OAC prescription increased from 22.1% in 2011 to 57.7% in 2020 with DOAC accounting for 91.0% of overall OAC prescriptions. Compared to patients with incident AF diagnosed in 2011, there were increasing trends for a greater decrease in the risks of ischemic stroke during 2012 - 2020 and mortality during 2014 - 2020, while the risk of ICH did not change significantly. For DOAC users, higher dose use increased from 11.04% in 2012 to 44.29% in 2019-2020 temporally associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke in the years 2015-2017 and 2018-2020 compared to 2012-2014. Determining factors refraining from OAC use included some "patient-related factors" and "non-patient" factors (AF diagnosed at clinics by physicians other than cardiologist/neurologist/internal medicine and citizens outside municipalities). There was an increasing trend of OAC prescription, temporally associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke and mortality. Among DOACs users, the risk of ischemic stroke declined gradually, partly explained by the increasing prescriptions of higher dose DOACs. Both patient and non-patient factors were associated with non-anticoagulation. Further efforts are required to increase OAC prescription.