Framework for constructing multimodal transport networks and routing using a graph database: A case study in London

Abstract Most prior multimodal transport networks have been organized as relational databases with multilayer structures to support transport management and routing; however, database expandability and update efficiency in new networks and timetables are low due to the strict database schemas. This study aimed to develop multimodal transport networks using a graph database that can accommodate efficient updates and extensions, high relation‐based query performance, and flexible integration in multimodal routing. As a case study, a database was constructed for London transport networks, and routing tests were performed under various conditions. The constructed multimodal graph database showed stable performance in processing iterative queries, and efficient multi‐stop routing was particularly enhanced. By applying the proposed framework, databases for multimodal routing can be readily constructed for other regions, while enabling responses to diversified routings, such as personalized routing through integration with various unstructured information, due to the flexible schema of the graph database.