Bio-inspired nanoparticles mediated from plant extract biomolecules and their therapeutic application in cardiovascular diseases: A review

Nanoparticles (NPs) have gained recognition for diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapy in fatal diseases. This review focuses on the benefits of green synthesis of bioinspired NPs using various plant extract (containing various biomolecules such as sugars, proteins, and other phytochemical compounds) and their therapeutic application in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Multiple factors including inflammation, mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte mutations, endothelial cell apoptosis, and administration of non-cardiac drugs, can trigger the cause of cardiac disorders. Furthermore, the interruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) synchronization from mitochondria causes oxidative stress in the cardiac system, leading to chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. NPs can decrease the interaction with biomolecules and prevent the incitement of ROS. Understanding this mechanism can pave the way for using green synthesized elemental NPs to reduce the risk of CVD. This review delivers information on the different methods, classifications, mechanisms and benefits of using NPs, as well as the formation and progression of CVDs and their effects on the body.