2 D Nanomaterials: Sustainable Materials for Cancer Therapy Applications

Over the past decade, nanomaterials with two-dimensional (2D) structures have been attracting great interest due to their significant physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Among nanomaterials, the 2D nanomaterials have shown excellent prospects in different aspects of biomedicines. They are promising material for the development of nanoplatform for both diagnosis and therapy of cancer; however, their in vivo behavior and performance have been severely influenced and hindered by a lack of necessary surface chemistry for adequate surface engineering. To solve this type of serious issue, researchers employ versatile sol–gel chemistry etc. and design a special type of “therapeutic mesopore” layer onto the surface of 2D MXene. Here, phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT), is usually considered as a favorable technique for cancer treatment because of its clinical and particular curative effect by laser irradiation. This chapter describes the classification, methods, and various applications of 2D nanomaterials. Additionally, we discuss in order to provide an insight into the mechanism of cancer theranostics by using nanotechnology. Various 2D nanomaterials that possess optical and X-ray depletion properties are used for biomedical imaging and cancer PTT. In 2D nanomaterials, most of the atoms are exposed on their surface due to which they show unique surface chemistry. Consequently, biodegradable 2D nanomaterials are used as favorable nanomedicine for cancer theranostic applications.