want to be ordinary Australians; 2) those to whom Judaism is a matter of private religious choice; and 3) the Zionists who seek the establishment of Israel and hope/plan to live there. 6 Other splits within the Jewish community of Melbourne were geographical, separated by the Yarra River, and based on social class. 7 July 1941 the Zionist Federation of Australia and New Zealand created a Youth Department in an attempt to co-ordinate, and perhaps control, Habonim and the other Jewish youth groups which had sprung up across Australia.On behalf of Jewish youth, they published a moderate, Sydney-based