[An investigative study on the correlation between refractive status and ocular biometric parameters in 3-6-year-old children in Shunyi District, Beijing, China].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between refractive status and ocular biometric parameters in preschool children in Shunyi District, Beijing. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a random cluster sampling method to measure the ocular axial length (AL), corneal curvature(CR), anterior chamber depth, and horizontal corneal diameter (WTW) using an optical biometer in 3-6-year-old children from 11 kindergartens in Shunyi District, Beijing. The ratio of AL to corneal curvature radius (AL/CR) was calculated. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using 1% cyclopentolate, and the equivalent spherical diopter (SE) was calculated. Ocular biometric parameters were compared among different age groups and refractive statuses. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted between SE and ocular biometric parameters. Results: A total of 1, 142 children completed the examination, with a mean age of (4.52±0.87) years, including 119 three-year-olds, 487 four-year-olds, 362 five-year-olds, and 174 six-year-olds. Among them, 554 were boys and 588 were girls. The mean SE of the examined children was (1.19±0.81) D, AL was (22.27±0.67) mm, corneal curvature radius was (7.73±0.25) mm, and the anterior chamber depth was (3.33±0.67) mm. The mean SE for three-, four-, five-, and six-year-old children was 1.18, 1.19, 1.21, and 1.13 D, respectively. SE showed correlations with AL, AL/CR, and anterior chamber depth (r=-0.350, -0.542, -0.083; all P<0.05), but no correlation with WTW or corneal curvature radius (P>0.05). Among children with different refractive statuses, SE showed stronger correlations with AL and AL/CR in myopic, hyperopic, and highly hyperopic children compared to emmetropic children, and the correlation tended to be stronger with increasing age. The linear regression equations for SE and AL, AL/CR were SE=10.64-0.42·AL and SE=21.48-7.043·AL/CR, respectively. Conclusions: The refractive status of 3-6-year-old children in Shunyi District, Beijing, showed minimal changes. Myopic children had longer AL, deeper anterior chamber, and slightly steeper cornea.目的： 探讨北京市顺义区学龄前儿童屈光状态与眼球生物学参数的关系。 方法： 横断面研究。采用随机整群分层抽样的方法（抽签法），对北京市顺义区11所幼儿园的3~6岁儿童采用光学生物测量仪测量眼轴长度（AL）、角膜曲率（CR）、前房深度、角膜水平径（WTW），计算AL与角膜曲率半径的比值（AL/CR）。1%盐酸环喷托酯麻痹睫状肌后电脑验光，计算等效球镜度数（SE）。比较不同年龄和屈光状态儿童的眼生物学参数，并对SE及眼各生物学参数进行相关性分析及回归分析。 结果： 1 142名儿童完成检查，年龄为（4.52±0.87）岁，包括3岁119人，4岁487人，5岁362人，6岁174人。其中男童554人，女童588人。受检儿童SE为（1.19±0.81）D，AL为（22.27±0.67）mm，角膜曲率半径为（7.73±0.25）mm，前房深度为（3.33±0.67）mm。3、4、5、6岁的受检儿童平均SE分别为1.18、1.19、1.21、1.13 D。SE与AL、AL/CR、前房深度均存在相关性（r=-0.350，-0.542，-0.083；均P<0.05），SE与WTW、角膜曲率半径无相关性（P>0.05）。不同屈光状态的儿童中，近视、远视、高度远视儿童的SE与AL、AL/CR相关性较正视儿童强；年龄越大的儿童的SE与AL、AL/CR相关趋势越强。SE与AL、AL/CR直线回归方程分别为SE=10.64-0.42·AL、SE=21.48-7.043·AL/CR。 结论： 北京市顺义区3~6岁儿童的屈光度数变化较小，近视儿童表现为AL更长，前房更深，角膜略陡。.