Gastrointestinal exposure to silica nanoparticles induced Alzheimer’s disease-like neurotoxicity in mice relying on gut microbiota and modulation through TLR4/NF-κB and HDAC

We showed for the first time that gastrointestinal exposure to SiO₂ NPs depends on the gut microbiome and causes neurological and cognitive impairment via gut-brain axis information transmission. These findings suggest that the gut microbiota, as a mediator between intestinal and brain information communications, contributes to gastrointestinal exposure to SiO₂ NPs-induced neurotoxicity. The health risks of exposure to SiO₂ NPs should be recognised, and addressing strategies should be extensively reconsidered.