Comparison of microbial preservation methods: a narrative review

Many microorganisms are used to produce antibiotics, vaccines, and medicines for various diseases, and preserving these microorganisms and viruses can ensure that the development process is streamlined. We have reviewed the short-term and long-term microbial and viral preservation methods including novel and emerging technologies. Short-term preservation methods of microorganisms are designed to maintain the viability of the organisms for periods ranging from a few days up to one year. The novel microfluid systems allow for the creation of microenvironments that support the growth and proliferation of specific microorganisms and the isolation of individual cells or small populations of microorganisms for studying microbial behavior and interactions. Long-term preservation involves storing the organisms for an extended period, ranging from months to decades, while retaining their viability and genetic stability. The mineral oil or liquid paraffin storage, storage in distilled water, storage in sterile soil, lyophilization, and cryopreservation are well known, and encapsulation of nanoparticles to preserve microorganisms, electrospinning, and electro spraying and supercooling are novel and emerging methods. Each short and long-term microbial and viral preservation method has advantages and disadvantages, and, based on the requirement, the appropriate method can be chosen.