Touching a Nerve: Neuroimmune Interactions in Asthma

ABSTRACT Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease characterized by excessive bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness. Airway nerves play a crucial role in regulating these processes. In asthma, interactions between inflammatory cells and nerves result in nerve dysfunction, which worsens airway function. This review discusses new insights regarding the role of airway nerves in healthy lungs and examines how communication between nerves and leukocytes, including eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells, contributes to nerve dysfunction and the worsening of airway disease. Clinical implications and therapeutic opportunities presented by neuroimmune interactions are also addressed.