Metabolomics studies in common multifactorial eye disorders: a review of biomarker discovery for age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and myopia

This review recapitulates potential metabolic biomarkers, networks and pathways in AMD, glaucoma, DR, and myopia, providing new clues to elucidate disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. The emergence of advanced metabolomics techniques has significantly enhanced the capability of metabolic profiling and provides novel perspectives on the metabolism and underlying pathogenesis of these multifactorial eye conditions. The advancement of metabolomics is anticipated to foster a deeper comprehension of disease etiology, facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets, and usher in an era of personalized medicine in eye research.