Desmoplakin mutations in cardiac fibroblasts cause TGF?1-mediated pathological fibrogenesis in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy via beclin-1 regulation

Pathological fibrosis is a major finding in cardiovascular diseases and can result in arrhythmia and heart failure. Desmosome gene mutations can lead to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). Among ACM, pathogenic desmoplakin (