Metasurface polarization optics: From classical to quantum

Metasurface polarization optics, manipulating polarization using metasurfaces composed of subwavelength anisotropic nanostructure array, has enabled a lot of innovative integrated strategies for versatile and on-demand polarization generation, modulation, and detection. Compared with conventional bulky optical elements for polarization control, metasurface polarization optics provides a feasible platform in a subwavelength scale to build ultra-compact and multifunctional polarization devices, greatly shrinking the size of the whole polarized optical system and network. Here, we review the recent progresses of metasurface polarization optics in both classical and quantum regimes, including uniform and spatially varying polarization-manipulating devices. Basic polarization optical elements such as meta-waveplate, meta-polarizer, and resonant meta-devices with polarization singularities provide compact means to generate and modulate uniform polarization beams. Spatial-varying polarization manipulation by employing the pixelation feature of metasurfaces, leading to advanced diffraction and imaging functionalities, such as vectorial holography, classic and quantum polarization imaging, quantum polarization entanglement, quantum interference, and modulation. Substituting conventional polarization optics, metasurface approaches pave the way for on-chip classic or quantum information processing, flourishing advanced applications in displaying, communication, imaging, and computing.