Chiral metasurfaces using a metamolecular Pancharatnam-Berry phase

The Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase is characterized by the simple application method and comprehensive theoretical framework, offering significant advantages in designing metasurfaces for hologram and nanoprinting. However, the PB phase relies heavily on an analyzer to enable nanoprinting. Additionally, designing a chiral metasurface by the PB phase poses significant challenges, limiting the application in multifunctional metasurfaces. This paper introduces a metamolecular Pancharatnam-Berry phase based on metamolecules to enable the design of chiral metasurfaces. Metamolecules can independently and arbitrarily adjust intensity and phase without the need for an analyzer. By introducing the chiral factor to metamolecules, the proposed chiral metasurface achieves polarization-sensitive nanoprinting and hologram without the use of an analyzer. This approach addresses the limitations of the traditional PB phase in near-field modulation and chiral research while providing a theoretical foundation for the miniaturization and advancement of intelligent metasurfaces.