Crystal phase engineering and surface reconstruction in Co–Mn phosphides: unraveling the mechanisms of high-performance water oxidation catalysis

A high-performance OER catalyst of MnP–Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 /NF was designed via controlled annealing/phosphating, achieving low-to-high crystalline phase transformation. The optimized catalyst shows 306 mV overpotential at 100 mA cm −2 and 230 h stability.