LAPTM4B as a key regulator in the copper-induced endoplasmic reticulum–lysosome interplay disorder in duck liver and the protective role of baicalin

In summary, the present study demonstrates that Cu exposure disrupts ER-lysosomal crosstalk in duck liver, leading to ER-lysosomal damage and subsequent hepatocyte injury. In contrast, Ba alleviates this injury by selectively targeting LAPTM4B, ultimately attenuating Cu-induced hepatotoxicity.