EEG-Based Brain–Computer Interfaces: Pioneering Frontier Research in the 21st Century

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems are inevitably needed to set up non-invasive therapies in neurorehabilitation. Along with the artificial intelligence (AI) techniques trending, constructing EEG-based brain computer interfaces is still in demand with high classification accuracy for advancing the state-of-the-art BCIs. From the perspective of pioneering frontier research, this article highlights the 21st-century's EEG-based BCI systems, their challenges, and its future direction for neuroscientists and clinical applications.