Cancer-fighting, blood-roaming Nanorobots have the potential to transform our lives, but they have yet to demonstrate their use in real-world settings. This review describes the requirements for a nanomotor to survive the in vivo environment, locate its targets, operate as needed, and terminate when the mission is complete. A nanorobot should be the proper size, constructed of biocompatible or biodegradable materials, and capable of rapid, autonomous propulsion through a network of blood arteries with a flow rate of about cm s1. A major transformation of the existing system is now required, since progress is reported across multiple laboratories and in different areas. Other options exist, such as hybrid nanomotors that combine chemotaxis with biological propulsion.