Nitrogen rather than phosphorus driving the biogeographic patterns of abundant bacterial taxa in a eutrophic plateau lake

Eutrophication of freshwater lakes is an important cause of global water pollution. In this study, the composition and biogeographic distribution of both abundant and rare sedimentary bacterial taxa and their relationship with nutrients were assessed in Erhai Lake, a subtropical plateau lake. Proteobacteria (48.3%) and Nitrospirae (11.7%) dominated the composition of abundant taxa, while the rare taxa were dominated by Proteobacteria (25.8%) and Chloroflexi (14.1%). The abundant bacterial taxa had strong energy metabolism, whereas the rare bacterial taxa had strong xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism. These results indicated different compositions and functions existed between abundant and rare taxa. Total nitrogen (TN) was the most influential factor shaping the biogeographic patterns of both abundant and rare taxa. Phosphorus was not the deterministic factor, although nitrogen and phosphorus were the main contributors to eutrophication. Total organic carbon and pH also contributed to the biogeographic patterns of both abundant and rare taxa. In the eutrophic plateau lake sediments, abundant taxa, rather than rare taxa, played a dominant role in maintaining the community structure and ecological function of the bacterial community. The TN gradient was an important factor that affected the biogeographic distribution and assembly processes of abundant taxa. This study sheds light on the role of TN in shaping the biogeographic distribution and assembly processes of abundant taxa in eutrophic lakes.