γ-Valerolactone-introduced controlled-isomerization of glucose for lactic acid production over an Sn-Beta catalyst

GVL (<20.0 wt%) invoked a controlled isomerization of glucose to fructose, thus resulting in a low fructose intermediate concentration and enabling full interaction between fructose and the Sn-Beta catalyst with a high lactic acid yield of 74.0 wt%.