Dual-Emission Carbonized Polymer Dots for Ratiometric pH Sensing, pH-Dependent Generation of Singlet Oxygen, and Imaging-Guided Dynamics Monitoring of Photodynamic Therapy

The pH environment in cancer cells has been demonstrated to display vital influences on the therapeutic effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT). It is very interesting to develop pH-responsive probes for simultaneous pH sensing and dynamics monitoring of the effects of PDT, and therefore assessing the correlation between them. In this study, a multifunctional fluorescence probe, dual-emission carbonized polymer dot (CPD) in blue and red regions, which uses ethylene imine polymer (PEI) and 4,4',4″,4‴-(porphine-5, 10, 15, 20-tetrayl) tetrakis (benzoic acid) (TCPP) as precursors through a one-step hydrothermal amide reaction, has been designed for ratiometric pH sensing, generating pH-dependent ¹O₂ for PDT of cancer cells, and investigating the dynamics effects of PDT through pH-guided imaging. The prepared CPDs were successfully used for ratiometric pH response, pH-dependent generation of ¹O₂, and dynamics monitoring PDT in HeLa cells. This study may provide an alternative strategy to prepare CPD-based theranostic integrated nanoprobes for PDT through the rational design of precursors.