A Coordinated Control Method of PEM Electrolyzers Based on Dynamic Response to PV Fluctuations

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) with hydrogen storage for power generation represents a promising pathway toward a cleaner energy transition. However, the inherent variability and intermittency of renewable energy, particularly photovoltaic (PV) power, pose significant challenges to the reliability and stability of power systems. Based on the dynamic response characteristics of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEMEL), this paper proposes a coordinated control method suitable for photovoltaic fluctuations, and realizes the efficient and stable operation of renewable energy hydrogen production system. Firstly, the operational characteristics of PV systems are analyzed, and a mathematical model describing PV fluctuations is established. Subsequently, the dynamic response characteristics of PEMEL under variable load conditions are thoroughly investigated. The key influencing factors on the dynamic response of the PEMEL are identified and decomposed. Finally, a coordinated control method is then proposed to adapt the fluctuation patterns of PV power. This method effectively balances the slow response dynamics of the PEMEL with the intermittent nature of PV generation, enabling rapid tracking of PV power variations through dynamic adjustment of control parameters.