Self‐Powered Multifunctional Transient Bioelectronics

Abstract Controllable degradation and excellent biocompatibility during/after a lifetime endow emerging transient electronics with special superiority in implantable biomedical applications. Currently, most of these devices need external power sources, limiting their real‐world utilizations. Optimizing existing bioresorbable electronic devices requires natural‐material‐based construction and, more importantly, diverse or even all‐in‐one multifunctionalization. Herein, silk‐based implantable, biodegradable, and multifunctional systems, self‐powered with transient triboelectric nanogenerators (T 2 ENGs), for real‐time in vivo monitoring and therapeutic treatments of epileptic seizures, are reported. These T 2 ENGs are of customizable in vitro/in vivo operating life and biomechanical sensitivity via the adjustments of silk molecular size, surface structuralization, and device configuration. Functions, such as drug delivery and structural‐integrity optical readout (parallel to electronic signals), are enabled for localized anti‐infection and noninvasive degradation indication, respectively. A proof‐of‐principle wireless system is built with mobile‐device readout and “smart” treatment triggered by specific symptoms (i.e., epilepsy), exhibiting the practical potential of these silk T 2 ENGs as self‐powered, transient, and multifunctional implantable bioelectronic platforms.