Sensorimotor mu-alpha power is positively related to corticospinal excitability

Alpha (8-14 Hz) oscillatory power is linked to cortical excitability and corresponding modulations of sensory evoked potentials and perceptual detection performance. In somatosensory cortex (S1), negative linear and inverted U-shape relationships exist, whereas its effect on the primary motor cortex (M1) is hardly known.We used real-time EEG-triggered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of M1 to characterize the relationship between spontaneous sensorimotor mu-alpha power fluctuations at rest and corticospinal excitability.In 16 subjects, mu-alpha power was continuously monitored over the left sensorimotor cortex, and each 10%-percentile bin of the individual mu-alpha power distribution was repeatedly targeted in pseudorandomized order by single-pulse TMS of left M1, measuring motor evoked potentials (MEP) in the contralateral hand.We found a weak positive relationship between mu-alpha power and MEP amplitude.Sensorimotor mu-alpha power may reflect a net facilitation or disinhibition of M1, possibly resulting from mu-alpha based suppression of excitatory and inhibitory input from S1.