A Review on Human Interplanetary Exploration Challenges

Robotic and crewed expedition to distinct interplanetary destinations has been a fascinating endeavor to us earthlings. Interplanetary missions to Mars, Ceres, and the Outer planetary system have also been a long-term desire of space explorers and scientists. Of these objectives, we achieved the stride of robotic exploration to a maximum extent of heliopause extremity through voyager missions. The current trend of mission development and technology directly reflects the future of the space age, and an interplanetary voyage through interplanetary missions is likely to become feasible in the next few decades. Hence from the perspective of highlighting the entire significant challenge associated with space exploration, we have reviewed complete challenges beginning from our terrestrial planet to extraterrestrial destinations. This paper emphasizes the entire challenges associated with both robotic and crewed interplanetary exploration. The results and outcomes of this study are based on experiences and lessons learned from earlier spacecraft.