Dendritic cell subsets

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells comprising a variety of subsets, as either resident or migrating cells, in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. In the steady state DC continually process and present antigens on MHCI and MHCII, processes that are highly upregulated upon activation. By expressing differential sets of pattern recognition receptors different DC subsets are able to respond to a range of pathogenic and danger stimuli, enabling functional specialisation of the DC. The knowledge of functional specialisation of DC subsets is key to efficient priming of T cells, to the design of effective vaccine adjuvants and to understanding the role of different DC in health and disease. This review outlines mouse and human steady state DC subsets and key attributes that define their distinct functions.