Electrooxidation of urea at the ruthenium titanium oxide electrode

Abstract Urea adsorbs on the ruthenium titanium oxide electrode, depressing the observed current. For artificial kidney dialysate concentrations of urea and NaCl (0.50 kg/m 3 and 100 mol/m 3 , respectively), the major electrolysis products are N 2 , CO 2 , O 2 , and H 2 , and the reaction mechanism is solution oxidation of urea by anodically generated active chlorine. A nitrogen‐yielding direct electrode reaction is observed at high urea concentration (30 kg/m 3 ) and low NaCl concentration (10–100 mol/m 3 ).